Anaesthesist. 1980 Dec;29(12):673-4.
[Infusion-controlled Tramal-anaesthesia (author's transl)]

[Article in German]

Stoffregen J.

The author reports a new technique of balanced anaesthesia using a pump-controlled 0.1% solution of Tramadol instead of the inhalation of halothane, enflurane or infusion of neuroleptanalgetic agents. Tramadol (Tramal) is a new analgetic drug without side effects: no postnarcotic respiratory depression, sickness or vomiting do not occur, and it does not interfere with the cardiovascular system. The other great advantage is the ultrashort recovery of the patient, mostly with 30-60 s, even after long lasting surgical procedures over several hours. The author has been convinced for more than 15 years that the future of anaesthesia no longer lies in the inhalation of chloroformoids, but in the infusion of analgesic substances. His experience has shown that the analgesic drug Tramadol, which has practically no side-effects, is a considerable advance into this direction. Last but not least this also applies to the prompt post-anaesthetic recovery and the absence of postoperative complications. This technique has been used in the last two years in 7500 patients, So far we have not seen an contraindications to Tramadol infusion. On the contrary, the greater the risk, the more this form of anaesthesia was found to be indicated.

Tramadol reference source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7212251&dopt=Abstract tramadol Ultram




Anasth Intensivther Notfallmed. 1981 Aug;16(4):191-6.
[Tramadol during the postoperative period]

[Article in German]

Paravicini D, Schongart C, Lawin P.

The effect of tramadol, a new synthetic opioid, on respiration and circulation was examined in 42 patients during the postoperative period after upper abdominal surgery. Pulmonary disorders were present in some patients. Tramadol did not affect the haemodynamic parameters; but the tidal volume increased and the respiratory rate fell. Forced vital capacity, which was reduced after the operation, increased, possibly due to the analgesic effect of tramadol. The drug appears to be a suitable choice during the postoperative period, especially in patients with pulmonary disorders.

Tramadol reference source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7294328&dopt=Abstract tramadol Ultram




Med J Malaysia. 1994 Dec;49(4):385-400.
First year's experience with an acute pain service--University Hospital Kuala Lumpur.

Vijayan R, Delilkan AE.

Department of Anasthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur.

An Acute Pain Service (APS) was started in University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur by the Department of Anaesthesiology in October 1992 for more effective control of postoperative pain. The main modalities of treatment included patient controlled analgesia (PCA) using morphine or pethidine with PCA devises, epidural opiate analgesia (EOA) using tramadol or fentanyl/bupivacaine mixture and subcutaneous administration of morphine or pethidine. Five hundred and fifty-one patients were managed in the first year, with an overall patient satisfaction score of 83%. The majority (98.5%) of them were after abdominal or major orthopaedic surgery. Eighty per cent of patients scored < 3 on the verbal numeric pain scale, where 0 is no pain and 10 is the worst imaginable pain, on the first postoperative day. Nausea and vomiting was an unpleasant side effect in 20% of patients.

Tramadol reference source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7545779&dopt=Abstract tramadol Ultram




Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 1995 Aug;11(4):237-8.
Tramadol (zydol, Searle).

MacConnachie AM.

The account of tramadol (Zydol) in this month's issue is the first in a new series of articles reviewing new drugs and drugs which have recently become established in intensive and critical care nursing practice. It is intended through these articles to consider drugs from a nursing perspective and, in doing so, the key role of the nurse in evaluating the appropriateness, efficacy and safety of drug therapy is readily acknowledged. The format provides a brief description of dosage and available dosage forms together with pharmaceutical aspects including preparation, administration and storage. The actions and clinical uses of drugs are also discussed and summarised in a brief therapeutic comment. The Editor is anxious that 'Drug Therapy Review' serves a useful and practical function within the nursing process and the comments of our readers, including suggestions on topics for future review, will be gratefully received.

Tramadol reference source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7670293&dopt=Abstract tramadol Ultram




Anesteziol Reanimatol. 1994 Jul-Aug;(4):13-5.
[A clinical-experimental study of narcotic properties of opiate receptor agonists-antagonists and experience in their use in drug addiction practice]

[Article in Russian]

Sofronov AG, Kuz'min AV, Pchelintsev MV, Belogurov SB.

Narcogenic characteristics of opiate agonists-antagonists were studied in drug abusers. It is shown that buprenorphine, butorphanol, nalbuphine hydrochloride, but not tramadol, have high narcogenic potential. Opportunities for these drugs in narcological practice are outlined.

Tramadol reference source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7802310&dopt=Abstract tramadol Ultram