Aphthasol
Effect of hydroxyzine on morphine analgesia for the treatment of postoperative pain.

Hupert C, Yacoub M, Turgeon LR.

In a double-blind, single-dose study hydroxyzine combined with morphine was administered intramuscularly to postoperative patients to determine the efficacy of this combination in the relief of postoperative pain, and to compare its effect to that produced by morphine alone. Eighty-two patients received morphine (5 or 10 mg) with or without hydroxyzine (100 mg). Analgesia was measured by a method quantifying the subjective responses of patients when questioned about pain. Analgesia obtained when 10 mg of morphine was combined with 100 mg of hydroxyzine was significantly superior to that obtained with morphine alone. Drowsiness was significantly more frequent when 10 mg of morphine was combined with 100 mg of hydroxyzine than with morphine alone.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7191230&dopt=Abstract hydroxyzine Atarax



Aphthasol
Simultaneous determination of hydroxyzine hydrochloride and benzyl alcohol in injection solutions by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Menon GN, Norris BJ.

A stability-indicating, high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous determination of hydroxyzine hydrochloride and benzyl alcohol in injection solutions. Separation was achieved using a mu Bondapak C18 column and the eluent [60% water, 25% acetonitrile, and 15% methanol containing 0.06% (v/v) sulfuric acid, 0.5% (w/v) sodium sulfate, and 0.02% (w/v) heptanesulfonic acid sodium salt] at a flow rate of 2 ml/min. Isobutyrophenone and p-nitroacetophenone were used as internal standards. The UV detector response at 257 nm was linear for hydroxyzine hydrochloride in the 3--10-mg/ml range and for benzyl alcohol in the 0.54--1.8 mg/ml range under analysis conditions. The method is accurate, simple, and precise.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7252825&dopt=Abstract hydroxyzine Atarax



Aphthasol
[Prevention of complications of histamine liberation occurring after administration of anesthetic agents and adjuvants]

[Article in French]

Laxenaire MC, Chastel A, Borgo J, Kim KM, Medot A, Fossard JM, Barlier J.

To protect the organism against histamine liberated during anesthesia specific premedication is used including:--hydroxyzine (Atarax) which blocks the H1 histamine receptors, and is an anxiolytic,--tritoqualine (Hypostamine) which inhibits histamine synthesis,--epsilon aminocaproic acid (Hemocaprol) which prevents the antigen-antibody reaction and blocks the alternate route of complement. Twenty five patients were thus premedicated, 25 others received no premedication. All were put to sleep with Alfatesine. The results were judged on the clinical symptoms and the variations of histamine in whole blood. This premedication seems very efficacious, in particular in subjects with a high risk of histamine liberation.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=74220&dopt=Abstract hydroxyzine Atarax



Aphthasol
[Personal experience with a combination of Althesin and Atarax in caesarean section]

[Article in Italian]

Amato G, Corsini D, Pelliccia E.

Personal experience with an association of Althesin and hydroxyzine administered in the same syringe in the induction and maintenance of anaesthesia for caesarean section is described. The technique proved to be sound, offering safe conditions for both mother and foetus, and absence of noteworthy side-effects, and a good post-operative analgesic effect. The overall results were better than those observed when TPS is used as the inducing agent.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7465081&dopt=Abstract hydroxyzine Atarax



Aphthasol
Lipophilicity behaviour of the Zwitterionic antihistamine cetirizine in phosphatidylcholine liposomes/water systems.

Plember van Balen G, Caron G, Ermondi G, Pagliara A, Grandi T, Bouchard G, Fruttero R, Carrupt PA, Testa B.

Institut de Chimie Therapeutique, Section de Pharmacie, Universite de Lausanne, Switzerland.

PURPOSE: The partitioning of cetirizine in a phosphatidylcholine liposomes/water system was compared with that of hydroxyzine and acrivastine to gain insight into the mechanisms of interaction of its various electrical species with membranes. METHODS: The lipophilicity profiles of the compounds were obtained from equilibrium dialysis and potentiometry, and compared with changes in NMR relaxation rates. RESULTS: The neutral form of hydroxyzine interacted mainly via hydrophobic interactions with the bilayer lipid core of the membrane, whereas for the cationic form both hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions were involved. Zwitterionic and anionic cetirizine were less lipophilic than its cation, which behaved like the corresponding species of hydroxyzine. Zwitterionic cetirizine interacted more by weak electrostatic interactions with the polar headgroups of phospholipids than by hydrophobic interactions with the membrane interior. The lipophilicity of its anion reflected the balance of repulsive electrostatic interactions between the carboxylate and phosphate groups and the hydrophobic interactions with the lipid core. CONCLUSION: The study confirms that various mechanisms influence the interaction of solutes with liposomes. Combining experimental techniques and using suitable reference compounds proves useful.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11465428&dopt=Abstract hydroxyzine Atarax