Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh). 1985 Oct;63(5):519-24.
The effect of naproxen on the ocular inflammatory response following extracapsular lens extraction in rabbits.

Pritchett PM, Jay WM, Aziz MZ, Green K.

Naproxen effects on the ocular inflammatory response following extracapsular lens extraction were studied in rabbits. Twelve hours before surgery, rabbits were given 20 mg of a 5 mg/ml naproxen suspension by gavage. A maintenance dose of 10 mg naproxen 3 times per day was started on the day of lensectomy and continued throughout the entire observation period. Phakic and aphakic control rabbits received no drug suspension. Central corneal thickness and intraocular pressure measurements were determined pre-operatively, at 4 and 24 h post-operatively and every 24 h thereafter. Four groups of rabbits, sacrificed at 24, 48, 72, and 168 h after lensectomy, had anterior chamber paracentesis performed for PMN (polymorphonuclear leucocyte) counts and determination of protein content. A 5th group had both paracentesis and iris-ciliary body excision for PGE2 assay at 24 h. No parameter was significantly altered by the naproxen regimen compared to untreated rabbits.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3865489&dopt=Abstract Naproxen Naprosyn





Agents Actions. 1992 May;36(1-2):99-106.
Interaction studies of tilomisole, aspirin, and naproxen in acute and chronic inflammation with assessment of gastrointestinal irritancy in the rat.

Calhoun W, Gilman SC, Datko LJ, Copenhaver TW, Carlson RP.

Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Wyeth-Ayerst Research, Princeton, NJ 08543-8000.

The effect of combination NSAID therapy of tilomisole with aspirin or naproxen was studied in rats with carrageenan-induced paw edema and established adjuvant arthritis. Inflamed paws were measured using mercury plethysmography and the arthritic paws were X-rayed to determine any bony/soft tissue changes. The gastrointestinal tract was also examined for bleeding and ulceration. Tilomisole had a less potent acute anti-inflammatory effect than aspirin or naproxen, but produced no significant gastrointestinal damage. A significant reduction in anti-inflammatory activity was observed with the tilomisole/aspirin combination in acute inflammation. Only additive interactions were observed with the naproxen inhibition. In the established arthritis assay, a significant synergistic anti-inflammatory response, i.e. both inhibition of paw edema and bone erosion, was also observed with the 80 and 93% tilomisole/naproxen combinations. The gastric ulcerogenic effect of the combination paralleled its increased activity. The synergism between tilomisole and naproxen in this chronic arthritic model may be due to enhanced cyclooxygenase inhibitory activity. These drug interaction studies suggest possible interactions in human clinical trials of rheumatoid arthritis.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1414694&dopt=Abstract Naproxen Naprosyn





Ann Clin Biochem. 1987 Mar;24 ( Pt 2):177-81.
Interference by naproxen in the urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid assay is due to a metabolite, desmethylnaproxen.

Walker PL, Pettit BR, Sandler M.

Interference by naproxen in the spectrophotometric assay for urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid has been investigated. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry demonstrated that ingestion of naproxen was associated with the production of four urinary components, unchanged drug and three metabolites, the major one being desmethylnaproxen. Unlike naproxen, this metabolite reacted in the spectrophotometric assay giving a product with the same absorption spectrum as that observed in urine samples obtained after naproxen ingestion. Unlike 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, the colour due to desmethylnaproxen is thermolabile and so the interference may be overcome by performing the incubation at 100 degrees C.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2438972&dopt=Abstract Naproxen Naprosyn





Arthritis Rheum. 1986 Mar;29(3):305-11.
Immunomodulatory effects of treatment with naproxen in patients with rheumatic disease.

Ceuppens JL, Robaeys G, Verdickt W, Vertessen S, Deckmyn H, Dequeker J.

We evaluated the effects of a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, naproxen, on phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced lymphocyte proliferation. When added in vitro to cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, naproxen enhanced the proliferative response toward PHA of lymphocytes from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients but not from healthy volunteers, and it reduced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis in the cultures. Oral treatment for 7 days with naproxen also resulted in a significant enhancement of the in vitro PHA-induced proliferation of lymphocytes from RA patients and from age-matched control patients with noninflammatory rheumatic diseases, but not from young healthy controls. This enhancement of PHA-induced lymphocyte proliferation after oral intake of naproxen was not accompanied by diminished in vitro PGE2 production in the cultures. It did occur when PGE2-producing monocytes were removed and when in vitro PGE2 synthesis was blocked with indomethacin. We conclude that oral treatment with naproxen has an immunomodulatory effect and improves in vitro PHA-induced proliferation of lymphocytes from rheumatic disease patients. This effect is not due to reduced PGE2 synthesis in the in vitro cultures, but reflects a more fundamental in vivo change in immunoregulation.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2938590&dopt=Abstract Naproxen Naprosyn





Scand J Rheumatol Suppl. 1983;50:1-9.
Bioavailability of naproxen tablets and suppositories in steady state.

Gotzsche PC, Marinelli K, Gylding-Sabroe JP, Larsen NE, Sorensen K.

Serum profiles were obtained from patients with rheumatoid arthritis after treatment with naproxen tablets and suppositories for 10 days to assure steady state conditions. The serum concentrations immediately before dose intake correlated well with the area under the concentration curve (AUC) when 250 mg naproxen tablets were taken 12-hourly (r = 0.85) and when 500 mg naproxen was given as tablets or as suppositories once daily in the evening (r = 0.83). These fixed times for blood samplings should be used in clinical trials with naproxen. Naproxen was measured by mass fragmentography. The mean steady state concentration and the mean half-life, calculated from the 12-hourly dosage schedule, were 45.0 +/- 1.7 mg/l and 15.2 +/- 1.4 hours, respectively. Doubling the dose from 250 mg to 500 mg b.i.d. increased the AUC by 30%. Average serum profiles for tablets and suppositories were very similar and gave a relative bioavailability of suppositories compared to tablets of 103% +/- 4%, suggesting comparable efficacy of the two administration forms.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6581529&dopt=Abstract Naproxen Naprosyn





Aten Primaria. 1992 Apr 15;9(6):314, 316-7.
[Naproxen sodium in the treatment of otitis]

[Article in Spanish]

Campos L, Diaz Gomez M, Ondiviela R, Masorra F.

Hospital Nacional Marques de Valdecilla, Santander.

OBJECTIVE. To assess the analgesic and anti-inflammatory value of sodium Naproxen in the treatment of otitis. DESIGN. A prospective study. There were interventions, but no controls. There was not a random distribution of the sample. SITE. Outpatient clinics in a Santander hospital. PATIENTS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS. Patients presenting symptoms of acute or chronic otitis. INTERVENTIONS. A group of 20 patients with acute otitis and a second group of 15 with chronic otitis were treated normally; while 20 other patients suffering acute otitis and 17 with chronic otitis received in addition to normal treatment 550 mg of sodium naproxen every 12 hours. MAIN MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS. The evolution of the clinical description was evaluated along the following parameters: perforation of the tympanum, otorrhea, pain, vertigo, migraines, hypoacusis and audiometries in acute cases of otitis; and all these and also tympanic biopsy in chronic cases. The results obtained indicated a statistically significant anatomical-pathological improvement in chronic cases of otitis treated with sodium naproxen; whereas in cases of acute otitis, these differences were observed in parameters such as hypoacusis, tympanometry, perforation of the tympanum and effectiveness of and tolerance towards additional treatment with sodium Naproxen. CONCLUSIONS. On the basis of the study's results as well as the high level of tolerance and absence of undesirable effects, we made a positive evaluation of the introduction of the aforesaid anti-inflammatory into the normal treatment of cases of otitis.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1600064&dopt=Abstract Naproxen Naprosyn





J Pharm Sci. 1980 Nov;69(11):1254-7.
Negligible excretion of unchanged ketoprofen, naproxen, and probenecid in urine.

Upton RA, Buskin JN, Williams RL, Holford NH, Riegelman S.

On the average, 0.6% of a dose of ketoprofen or naproxen or 1.2% of a dose of probenecid was found in the urine of normal male volunteers assayed immediately after its collection. Between approximately 60 and 85% of the dose of these drugs can be excreted in the urine as conjugates, which rapidly hydrolyze at body temperature, at room temperature, and even during frozen storage, thereby regenerating the parent drug. Since urine collections involved sample retention in the bladder at 37 degrees for collection intervals as long as 2--3 hr, the given percentages excreted unchanged probably are overestimates. It is possible that no unchanged ketoprofen, naproxen, or probenecid is excreted in urine. This study contrasts with previous reports of up to 50% of a dose of ketoprofen and 15--17% of doses of naproxen and probenecid being excreted in urine as the parent compound. Those reports probably reflect primarily the duration of frozen sample storage between collection and assay along with the urine collection schedules employed the speed of the clinical procedures, and the analytical procedures used. Attention should be given to potential conjugate hydrolysis whenever the pharmacokinetics of carboxylic acids are studied.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7452451&dopt=Abstract Naproxen Naprosyn