Dream Pharm Mother Nature's Timesless Recipes Lutein

References online: Lutein

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Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Home| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: What is Lutein ?| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: What does Lutein do for us ?| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Are we taking enough lutein ?| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Are there other eye nutritions than Lutein ?| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Research Reports: Role of Carotenoids| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Research Reports: Serum lutein and carotenoid level in response to taking dietary carotenoids| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Research Reports: Lutein and Lung Function| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Research Reports: Lutein and Congestive Heart Failure| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Research Reports: Lutein, Lycopene, and Prostate Cancer| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Research Reports: Lutein, carotenoids, and breast cancer| Lutein and Skin Cancer| Lutein: General Information Page| Lutein and Age-related Macular Degeneration| Lutein improves visual function in age-related cataracts patients| Lutein may be a nutritional factor for protecting lens in age-related cataracts patients| Intakes of antioxidants in coffee, wine, and vegetables are correlated with plasma carotenoids in humans.| Plasma Antioxidant Status, Immunoglobulin G Oxidation and Lipid Peroxidation in Demented Patients: Relevance to Alzheimer Disease and Vascular Dementia.| Photo-oxidative stress in a xanthophyll-deficient mutant of Chlamydomonas.| Application of tristimulus colorimetry to estimate the carotenoids content in ultrafrozen orange juices.| Macular pigment: quantitative analysis on autofluorescence images.| QTL and candidate genes phytoene synthase and zeta-carotene desaturase associated with the accumulation of carotenoids in maize.| Thermal processing of vegetables increases cis isomers of lutein and zeaxanthin.| Serum vitamins and the subsequent risk of bladder cancer.| The relationship between dietary carotenoids and prostate cancer risk in Southeast Chinese men.| Macular pigments: their characteristics and putative role.| The effect of an acute phase response on tissue carotenoid levels of growing chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus).| Resonance Raman measurement of macular carotenoids in retinal, choroidal, and macular dystrophies.| Assessment of carotenoid bioavailability of whole foods using a Caco-2 cell culture model coupled with an in vitro digestion.| Lutein, zeaxanthin, macular pigment, and visual function in adult cystic fibrosis patients.| Serum Carotenoid and Retinol Levels during Childhood Infections.| Chlorophyll, carotenoids and the activity of the xanthophyll cycle.| De-epoxidation of violaxanthin in light-harvesting complex I proteins.| Carotenogenesis during tuber development and storage in potato.


J Agric Food Chem. 2003 Oct 8;51(21):6184-90.
Thermal processing of vegetables increases cis isomers of lutein and zeaxanthin.

Updike AA, Schwartz SJ.

Department of Food Science and Technology, 2015 Fyffe Road, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1007, USA.

Carotenoids, lutein and zeaxanthin, found in fruits and vegetables, comprise the macula pigment of the eye. These carotenoids exist in plants as the all-trans geometric form; however, in human plasma, cis isomers of these carotenoids have also been identified. Thermal processing can induce carotenoid trans to cis isomerization. The aim of this research was to determine if thermal processing induces isomerization of lutein and zeaxanthin and to quantify the extent of this reaction. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to separate and quantitate geometric isomers of lutein and zeaxanthin. Isomers were tentatively identified by UV-visible absorbance spectra, comparison of retention times to those of isomerized standards using C(30) chromatography, and mass spectrometry. Thermal processing increased the percent cis isomers of lutein and zeaxanthin up to 22 and 17%, respectively. Further studies are needed to consider the physiological impact of consuming carotenoid isomers in processed vegetables.

lutein online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=14518942&dopt=Abstract lutein

fujita-hu.ac.jp

The present study was conducted to assess the relationship between obesity and serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), carotenoids, oxidized LDL (oxLDL), oxidized LDL antibodies (oLAB), and leptin in Japanese residents. The subjects were 158 males and 158 females aged 40-79 years, and living in Hokkaido, Japan, who attended a health examination screening. Serum levels of CRP, oxLDL, oLAB, and leptin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and serum carotenoid levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as body weight (kg) divided by height (m) squared and obesity was defined as BMI of 25 or more (kg/m2). Serum levels of CRP and leptin were significantly higher in the obese group than in their non-obese counterparts in both genders. Serum levels of beta-carotene and beta-cryptoxanthin were lower in the obese individuals, especially in females. While values for oxLDL and oLAB did not significantly vary. BMI was positively correlated with log-transformed serum levels of CRP and leptin in both genders (males: r=0.231, p<0.05; females: r=0.305, p<0.001). In females, moreover, BMI was negatively correlated with log-transformed serum levels of beta-carotene, zeaxanthin/lutein, and beta-cryptoxanthin (r=-0.244, p<0.01; r=-0.200, p<0.05; r=-0.207, p<0.01, respectively). Significantly higher odds ratios (ORs) for high serum levels of CRP (males: OR=2.12; females: OR=3.96) and leptin (males: OR=3.83; females: OR=9.07) were observed in obese versus non-obese men and women, after adjusting for various confounding factors. Significantly lower adjusted odds ratios for high serum levels of alpha- and beta-carotenes (males: OR=0.23, 0.33; females: OR=0.35, 0.39, respectively) were also observed in the obese as compared to the non-obese group. In conclusion, obesity is highly associated with states of oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation in Japanese residents, suggesting that these latter might play an important role in the association between a high BMI and certain cancers as well as coronary heart disease (CHD).

lutein online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=14507248&dopt=Abstract lutein



Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 2004 Jul;138(3):229-33.
Carotenoid pigments and the selectivity of psittacofulvin-based coloration systems in parrots.

McGraw KJ, Nogare MC.

Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.

Carotenoid pigments are commonly used as colorants of feathers and bare parts by birds. However, parrots (Aves: Psittaciformes) use a novel class of plumage pigments (called psittacofulvins) that, like carotenoids, are lipid-soluble and red, orange, or yellow in color. To begin to understand how and why parrots use these pigments and not carotenoids in their feathers, we must first describe the distribution of these two types of pigments in the diet, tissues, and fluids of these birds. Here, we studied the carotenoid content of blood in five species of parrots with red in their plumage to see if they show the physiological ability to accumulate carotenoids in the body. Although Scarlet (Ara macao) and Greenwing Macaws (Ara chloroptera) and Eclectus (Eclectus roratus), African Gray (Psittacus erithacus) and Blue-fronted Amazon (Amazona aestiva) Parrots all use psittacofulvins to color their feathers red, we found that they also circulated high concentrations of both dietary (lutein, zeaxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin) and metabolically derived (anhydrolutein, dehydrolutein) carotenoids through blood at the time of feather growth, at levels comparable to those found in many other carotenoid-colored birds. These results suggest that parrots have the potential to use carotenoids for plumage pigmentation, but preferentially avoid depositing them in feathers, which is likely under the control of the maturing feather follicle. As there is no evidence of psittacofulvins in parrot blood at the tune of feather growth, we presume that these pigments are locally synthesized by growing feathers within the follicular tissue.

lutein online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15253871&dopt=Abstract lutein

hsc.usc.edu

High prediagnostic serum beta-cryptoxanthin levels have been found to be associated with reduced risk of lung cancer in a recent cohort study of Chinese men in Shanghai, China. Data on dietary beta-cryptoxanthin, and other specific carotenoids and antioxidants in relation to lung cancer, particularly in non-Western populations, are scarce. The aim of the present study was to assess the roles of dietary antioxidants in the development of lung cancer. Between April 1993 and December 1998, 63,257 Chinese men and women ages 45-74 years in Singapore participated in a prospective study of diet and cancer. At baseline, an in-person interview was conducted using a structured questionnaire for information on usual dietary habits, tobacco smoking, and other lifestyle factors. A Singapore food composition database was used to estimate intake of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein/zeaxanthin, vitamins A, C, and E, and folate in study subjects. During the first 8 years of follow-up, 482 lung cancer cases occurred among cohort members. High levels of dietary beta-cryptoxanthin were associated with reduced risk of lung cancer; relative to the lowest quintile, the self-reported smoking adjusted relative risks (95% confidence intervals) for the highest quintile were 0.73 (0.54-0.98) among all of the subjects and 0.63 (0.41-0.99) among current smokers. Before adjustment for cigarette smoking, dietary vitamin C was associated with a statistically significant reduction in risk of lung cancer. However the inverse vitamin C-lung cancer association was largely explained by smoking and dietary beta-cryptoxanthin. Other carotenoids (alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, lycopene, and lutein/zeaxanthin), vitamins A and E, and folate were not associated significantly with lung cancer risk after adjustment for cigarette smoking. We recognized that potential measurement errors in cigarette smoking may exert an effect on the dietary beta-cryptoxanthin-lung cancer association. After additional adjustments were made for the residual confounding by smoking using statistical models, about 15-40% reduction in risk of lung cancer was seen for subjects in the highest versus lowest 10th percentile of dietary beta-cryptoxanthin. The present study lends additional credence to prior experimental and epidemiological data in support of the hypothesis that dietary beta-cryptoxanthin is a chemopreventive agent for lung cancer in humans.

lutein online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=14504200&dopt=Abstract lutein

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