laxative



References: Laxative






Med Trop (Mars). 1997;57(4):407-11.
[Epilepsy and its impact in northwest region of the Central African Republic]

[Article in French]

Bernet-Bernady P, Tabo A, Druet-Cabanac M, Poumale F, Ndoma V, Lao H, Bouteille B, Dumas M, Preux PM.

Institut d'Epidemiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale, Limoges, France.

In African countries, epilepsy is an important public health problem with major medical, socio-cultural, and economic implications. This study was carried out to evaluate attitudes towards epilepsy in the Central African Republic. A total of 187 epileptic patients were included. Only 20.9% of the study population were married. School attendance never exceeded the elementary level. Epilepsy was active in 98.4% of patients who continued to present attacks despite extensive treatment which was either poorly complied with or inadequate. Attitudes towards epilepsy remain rooted in belief in supernatural phenomenon and evil spirits with use of traditional therapies involving abstinence from certain foods and use of laxative agents to drive out evil forces. Epileptics are excluded from their families and not allowed to attend school but, in our study, they were not prevented from the work place since 70% held jobs. In this study, 54% of epileptics believed that the disease was contagious, 55.6% that it was incurable, and 20.9% that it was due occult or supernatural causes. While precise quantification is impossible, our experience based on interviews with patients and frequent observation of burn wounds suggests that moral and physical suffering is immense among epileptics in the Central African Republic. Epilepsy in Black Africa is a major public health problem requiring serious attention from government officials, health care specialists, and the families of patients. Better information to promote awareness of the non-contagious nature of the disease, greater support for families of patients, and improvement in treatment compliance are essential.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9612785&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative [Pub



Gut. 1998 Apr;42(4):517-21. Click here to read 
Biofeedback provides long-term benefit for patients with intractable, slow and normal transit constipation.

Chiotakakou-Faliakou E, Kamm MA, Roy AJ, Storrie JB, Turner IC.

St Mark's Hospital, London, UK.

BACKGROUND: Many patients with idiopathic constipation do not respond to conventional medical treatments. Recently biofeedback has been proposed as an alternative treatment but the long-term results, and which patients benefit, are unknown. Treatment has usually been restricted to patients with normal colonic transit and impaired pelvic floor coordination on straining. AIMS: To determine the efficacy and long-term outcome of biofeedback treatment in idiopathic constipation. METHODS: One hundred consecutive contactable patients who had completed a course of biofeedback more than 12 months previously were identified. Pretreatment details of bowel function and symptoms, whole gut transit time, and anorectal physiological testing, which had been previously prospectively collected, were collated. Follow up consisted of structured interview. Sixty five per cent had slow transit and 59% had paradoxical pelvic floor contraction on straining. RESULTS: Median follow up was 23 months (range 12-44). On long-term follow up 55% felt that biofeedback had helped and 57% felt their constipation was improved. There was a significant reduction in need to strain, abdominal pain, bloating, and oral laxative use. Spontaneous bowel frequency was significantly improved by treatment. Patients with slow and normal transit, males and females, and those with and without paradoxical contraction of the anal sphincter on straining, benefited equally from treatment. Anorectal testing did not predict outcome. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that biofeedback is an effective long term treatment for the majority of patients with idiopathic constipation unresponsive to traditional treatments. Pelvic floor abnormalities and transit time should not form selection criteria for treatment.


Epidemiology. 1998 Jul;9(4):385-91.
Constipation, laxative use, and colon cancer among middle-aged adults.

Jacobs EJ, White E.

Cancer Prevention Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98104 USA.

We examined the associations of colon cancer with constipation and the use of commercial laxatives in a case-control study among men and women ages 30-62 years. We based this analysis on 424 incident cases of colon cancer, diagnosed in the Seattle metropolitan area between 1985 and 1989, and 414 random-digit-dial controls. Frequent constipation during the 10 years before the reference data (2 years before diagnosis), as defined by "feeling constipated to the point of having to take something," was associated with substantially increased risk of colon cancer. The adjusted relative risk (RR) was 2.0 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.2-3.6] for constipation 12-51 times per year, and 4.4(95% CI = 2.1-8.9) for constipation 52 or more times a year. Cumulative lifetime use of commercial laxatives was also associated with increased risk of colon cancer. When constipation and commercial laxative use were adjusted for each other, the association with commercial laxative use disappeared, whereas the association with constipation remained strong. Although constipation has not consistently been associated in past studies with a large increase in risk of colon and rectal cancer combined, these results suggest that frequent constipation may be an important risk factor for colon cancer among middle-aged adults.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9647901&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative



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