References: Lecithin
Dig Dis Sci. 1993 Nov;38(11):2104-12.
Antibacterial activity of bile salts against common biliary pathogens. Effects of hydrophobicity of the molecule and in the presence of phospholipids.
Sung JY, Shaffer EA, Costerton JW.
Department of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong.
In vitro studies have demonstrated that bile salts have cytotoxic and bacteriostatic properties. The cytotoxic effect of bile salts is reduced when lecithin is added. The effect of lecithin on the bacteriostatic property of bile salts is not known. In this report, we test the hypotheses that (1) the bacteriostatic activity of bile salts is a function of the hydrophobicity of the molecules, and (2) lecithin, by engaging the hydrophobic component of bile salts, attenuates the bacteriostatic property of these molecules. Two common biliary pathogens, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus fecalis, were tested in this experiment. The results demonstrate that hydrophobic bile salts (sodium taurodeoxycholate, sodium deoxycholate) have more significant inhibition on the growth of bacteria when compared with the hydrophilic bile salts (sodium taurocholate, sodium chenodeoxycholate, and sodium tauroursodeoxycholate). When lecithin is added, creating a mixed micellar solution and mimicking the in vivo conditions, the antibacterial activities of even the more potent bacteriostatic bile salts are significantly reduced. The finding that lecithin significantly attenuates the bacteriostatic property of even the hydrophobic bile salts raises questions about the clinical significance of such bacteriostatic effect in vivo; as bile salts in the bile exist in mixed micellar solution.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8223087&dopt=Abstract lecithin
J Neurotrauma. 1997 Oct;14(10):739-46.
Effects of lecithinized superoxide dismutase on traumatic brain injury in rats.
Yunoki M, Kawauchi M, Ukita N, Noguchi Y, Nishio S, Ono Y, Asari S, Ohmoto T, Asanuma M, Ogawa N.
Department of Neurological Surgery, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Okayama University Medical School, Japan.
Only small amounts of superoxide dismutase (SOD) are present in the extracellular space to scavenge excess amounts of superoxide anions (02-) released after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Experiments were performed in rats with cerebral contusion produced by weight-drop technique. We investigated the effects of exogenous lecithinized SOD (PC-SOD) on accumulation of 02- produced in our model, by measuring the level of SOD activity (using the NBT-reducing method) and the expression of copper, zinc-SOD (Cu, Zn-SOD) mRNA (by Northern blot analysis). As determined by tissue-specific gravity, administration of PC-SOD reduced brain edema in the periphery of the lesion 6 h after contusion. SOD activity increased in the peripheral region at 30 min after contusion, but returned to normal levels at 6 h after TBI. Administration of PC-SOD increased SOD activity up to 6 h after TBI. The expression of Cu, Zn-SOD mRNA increased in the core region, peripheral portion, and contralateral hemisphere up to 6 h after TBI, then was suppressed in all three regions by PC-SOD. Our results confirm the important role of 02- in the development of brain edema after TBI and indicate that PC-SOD diminishes brain edema through a protective effect against 02-.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9383092&dopt=Abstract lecithin
asri.edu
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by changes in phospholipid metabolism leading to a perturbation in the levels of phosphomonoesters, including L-Phosphoserine (L-PS). These early changes in lipid metabolism may result in a defect in membrane bilayer structure, leading to increased rates of beta-amyloid formation. To investigate the effect of L-PS on membrane lipid bilayers, small angle x-ray diffraction and high resolution differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) approaches were used with liposomes composed of lecithin and cholesterol. A one-dimensional electron density profile of a control dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC)/cholesterol lipid bilayer with a unit cell dimension of 52 A at 37 degrees C was generated from the x-ray diffraction data. Following incubation with 2.0 mM L-PS, a broad decrease in electron density +/- 4.12A from the lipid bilayer center was observed concomitant with an increase in the width of the phospholipid headgroup electron density and a 3A reduction in lipid bilayer width. The interactions of L-PS with DMPC lipid bilayers were concentration-dependent, highly affected by cholesterol content and reproduced in egg phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol liposomes. DSC analysis showed that millimolar (1.0-5.0 mM) L-PS levels decreased the phase transition cooperative unit size of DMPC liposomes in a highly concentration-dependent manner which was significantly greater in preparations containing 10 mol% cholesterol. These data provide direct evidence that phosphomonoester levels modulate the biophysical properties of the membrane lipid bilayer which may, in turn, lead to altered structure/function relationships in AD.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8624114&dopt=Abstract lecithin d
Buy Rx Online || Hair Million herbal formula for hair loss and hair growth || Hair Million, excellent herbal formula, wards off hair loss and promotes hair growth || Buy Tramadol || Lecithin product online guide ||